The effect of physical properties on flame spread behavior for various paper/bagasse composition

Fire Safety Engineering is an application of science to improve the safety from the destructive effect of the fire. Paper is well known as a material that can easily catch fire. Nowadays, many researchers have been interested to produce paper by using other natural fiber to reduce the usage of wood as raw material for paper production. However, research on flame spread towards combination paper / natural fiber is still a lack of data. Inspiration from this, the behavior of downward flame spread over paper and bagasse is experimentally investigated. This experiment was conducted by using the specimen with different thickness and different composition of bagasse. Specimen thickness was chosen at 0.7mm, 1.4mm, 2. and 2.8mm; while for bagasse composition are 0%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 100%. Flame spread behavior for each specimen was videotaped by using a camera. The result showed that the flame spreads was with "U" pattern at the beginning of the combustion, but end up with different pattern according to thickness and composition of bagasse. It seen that flame spread rate decreases with increasing the thickness and composition of bagasse for the specimen. The result also shows that up to 70% bagasse, the flame spread rate is approximately constant even for different thickness. Result infers that the flame spread rate is influenced by not only bagasse composition, but also the density and the pyrolysis height; where pyrolysis height represents the area of the heat release continuity by fire source that has been removed. It shows that the flame spread rate decreases as the density increases. While for pyrolysis height, the higher the pyrolysis height the higher the flame spread rate

Uji Kelayakan Modul Animalia Kontekstual Berbasis Level of Inquiry untuk Siswa SMA di Wilayah Pesisir

Pembelajaran materi Animalia secara kontekstual menjadi salah satu solusi untuk mempermudah memahami materi Animalia. Selain itu, penggunaan modul dan model pembelajaran Level of Inquiry (LoI) diharapkan dapat membantu mempelajari materi Animalia. Tujuan penelitian ini, yaitu untuk mengetahui: (1) karakteristik modul Animalia kontekstual berbasis LoI, (2) kelayakan modul Animalia kontekstual berbasis LoI. Metode penelitian menggunakan sembilan langkah model penelitian dan pengembangan Borg & Gall. Data yang diperoleh yaitu data hasil validasi ahli, validasi praktisi pendidikan, dan hasil uji coba dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian dan pengembangan menunjukkan bahwa modul Animalia kontekstual berbasis LoI dikembangkan sesuai sintaks LoI.  Modul Animalia kontekstual berbasis LoI dinyatakan layak oleh ahli materi sebesar 85%, ahli pengembangan desain dan keterbacaan modul 91,07%, ahli perangkat pembelajaran 82%, ahli bahasa 81%, praktisi pendidikan 89,42%, dan siswa 87,67%. Hasil uji operasional diperoleh bahwa nilai rata-rata posttest kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi (73,34) daripada kelas kontrol (65,93) dan terdapat perbedaan signifikansi dengan nilai signifikansi 0,02.Feasibility Test Animalia Contextual Module Based on Level of Inquiry for Senior High School Students’ in Coastal Area. Contextual learning was one of the solutions to facilitate Animalia’s subject matter. Furthermore, module and Level of Inquiry Model were expected to facilitate in learning Animalia subject matter. This study aim to determine (1) characteristics Animalia contextual module based on LoI, and (2) feasibility of Animalia contextual module based on LoI. The research used nine step of Borg & Gall’s research and development model. The data were collected from expert validation, educational practitioner validation, and operational test. The data were analyzed quantitative descriptive. Results of research and development show that the LoI-based contextual Animalia modules developed according to the syntax of the LoI. Module-based contextual Animalia LoI declared eligible by subject matter experts by 85%, expert module development, design and readability of 91.07%, a learning device 82%, 81% linguists, education professionals 89.42%, and 87.67% students. The operational test results obtained that the average value of the experimental class posttest is higher (73.34) than the control class (65,93) and there is a significant difference with the significance value of 0,02

Method of Detecting Unlighted Utility Street Lighting System

Street lighting is part of the distribution system. These facilities were owned, installed, operated and maintained by the utility supplying electricity or municipal in particular area. The purpose of this report is to discuss about the project and the method of detecting unlighted street lighting system. The report starts with the objectives and scope of study. The relevancy and feasibility of the project being discussed and the problem statements that lead to the idea of the project have been identified. This report highlights about the street lighting circuit and the theory of how the street lighting circuit function

Improving Employees Retention to Ensure Sustainability

Attrition is defined as a gradual reduction in the number of workforce through retirement, resignation or death. In other words, it can also be said as employee turnover. This management project was based on rising attrition issue faced by a new company in Penang semiconductor outsourcing industry, called STU Global. Even though just operated in Malaysia in less than three years, rising attrition is considered challenging and need to be solved. The impact of rising attrition has received considerable attention by management and human resource professionals. It has been proven to cost more the organization and impacting the business and long term plan of the organization

Correlation between gross alpha and beta activity concentration in soil samples with dose rates in Iskandar Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia

The objective of this study was to determine the gross alpha and gross beta activity concentrations in soil samples collected in Iskandar Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia. A total of 32 soil samples were collected and the dose rates at the location were measured 1 m above the ground. The gross alpha activity concentration ranged from 140 to 2,010 Bq kg-1 with the mean value of 796 ± 70 Bq kg-1. The gross beta activity ranged from 40 to 2,300 Bq kg-1 with the mean value of 837 ± 30 Bq kg-1. The results of analysis show strong correlation between gross alpha activity concentration and dose rate (R = 0.90) and gross beta activity concentration and dose rate (R = 0.84)

Influence of material composition on flame spread behavior over combustible solid of paper/bagasse

Fire Safety Engineering is an application of science to improve the safety from the destructive effect of the fire. Paper is one of sources that easily catch fire, however, research on flame spread towards paper is still not enough to describe about the phenomenon. Inspiration from this, the behavior of downward flame spread over paper/bagasse is experimentally investigated. Composition of 0%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 100% bagasse is chosen for this research. Flame spread behavior for each composition is analyzed from the observation. Results show for each composition, the flame spreads with “U” shape at the beginning of combustion until the whole specimen. The result shows that the flame spread rate decreases as bagasse composition increases. The highest flame spread is 0.813 mm/s for pure paper and the lowest one is 0.481 mm/s for pure bagasse. Not only that, it also shows the flame spread rate decreases as the density increases. It is clarified that density for bagasse is higher than paper. Result infers that the flame spread shape and rate are not only influenced by the bagasse composition but also by the densit

Site selection for nuclear power plant in Mersing Johor

Nuclear power is considered as energy source option for future power generation in the National New Energy Policy 2010. The first nuclear power plant (NPP) construction is expected to start at 2017, and officially operated in 2025. This paper aims to propose possible candidate site areas for NPP in Mersing District, Johor. The evaluation uses the Atomic Energy Licensing Board (AELB) guideline documents as main reference, supported by regulation documents from International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). 4 safety parameters are used in the assessment – geological characteristic, air dispersion (meteorological) analysis, population data and safety characteristics. This study ranked 4 proposed areas possible candidate site area for NPP in Mersing district

Influence of Material Composition on Flame Spread Behaviour over Combustible Solid of Paper/Bagasse

Fire Safety Engineering is an application of science to improve the safety from the destructive effect of the fire. Paper is one of sources creating fire, however, research on flame spread towards paper is still not enough to describe about the phenomenon. Inspiration from this, the behavior of downward flame spread over paper/bagasse is experimentally investigated. Composition of 0%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 100% bagasse is determined for this research. Flame spread behavior for each composition is analyzed from the observation. Results show for each composition, the flame spreads with “U†shape at the beginning of combustion until the whole specimen. The result also shows that the flame spread rate decreases as bagasse composition increases. The highest flame spread is 0.8133 mm/s for pure paper and the lowest one is 0.4814 mm/s for pure bagasse. It infers that the flame spread shape and rate is influenced by the bagasse composition and density, respectively.Â